```{index} single: Compress::Zlib ``` # Compress::Zlib Interface to zlib compression library ## SYNOPSIS ```perl use Compress::Zlib ; ($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] ) ; $status = $d->deflate($input, $output) ; $status = $d->flush([$flush_type]) ; $d->deflateParams(OPTS) ; $d->deflateTune(OPTS) ; $d->dict_adler() ; $d->crc32() ; $d->adler32() ; $d->total_in() ; $d->total_out() ; $d->msg() ; $d->get_Strategy(); $d->get_Level(); $d->get_BufSize(); ($i, $status) = inflateInit( [OPT] ) ; $status = $i->inflate($input, $output [, $eof]) ; $status = $i->inflateSync($input) ; $i->dict_adler() ; $d->crc32() ; $d->adler32() ; $i->total_in() ; $i->total_out() ; $i->msg() ; $d->get_BufSize(); $dest = compress($source) ; $dest = uncompress($source) ; $gz = gzopen($filename or filehandle, $mode) ; $bytesread = $gz->gzread($buffer [,$size]) ; $bytesread = $gz->gzreadline($line) ; $byteswritten = $gz->gzwrite($buffer) ; $status = $gz->gzflush($flush) ; $offset = $gz->gztell() ; $status = $gz->gzseek($offset, $whence) ; $status = $gz->gzclose() ; $status = $gz->gzeof() ; $status = $gz->gzsetparams($level, $strategy) ; $errstring = $gz->gzerror() ; $gzerrno $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer) ; $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer) ; $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ; $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ; $crc = crc32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2); $adler = adler32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2); my $version = Compress::Raw::Zlib::zlib_version(); ``` ## DESCRIPTION The _Compress::Zlib_ module provides a Perl interface to the _zlib_ compression library (see "AUTHOR" for details about where to get _zlib_). The `Compress::Zlib` module can be split into two general areas of functionality, namely a simple read/write interface to _gzip_ files and a low-level in-memory compression/decompression interface. Each of these areas will be discussed in the following sections. ### Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1 The main change in `Compress::Zlib` version 2.x is that it does not now interface directly to the zlib library. Instead it uses the `IO::Compress::Gzip` and `IO::Uncompress::Gunzip` modules for reading/writing gzip files, and the `Compress::Raw::Zlib` module for some low-level zlib access. The interface provided by version 2 of this module should be 100% backward compatible with version 1. If you find a difference in the expected behaviour please contact the author (See "AUTHOR"). See "GZIP INTERFACE" With the creation of the `IO::Compress` and `IO::Uncompress` modules no new features are planned for `Compress::Zlib` - the new modules do everything that `Compress::Zlib` does and then some. Development on `Compress::Zlib` will be limited to bug fixes only. If you are writing new code, your first port of call should be one of the new `IO::Compress` or `IO::Uncompress` modules. ## GZIP INTERFACE A number of functions are supplied in _zlib_ for reading and writing _gzip_ files that conform to RFC 1952. This module provides an interface to most of them. If you have previously used `Compress::Zlib` 1.x, the following enhancements/changes have been made to the `gzopen` interface: 1. If you want to open either STDIN or STDOUT with `gzopen`, you can now optionally use the special filename "`-`" as a synonym for `\*STDIN` and `\*STDOUT`. 2. In `Compress::Zlib` version 1.x, `gzopen` used the zlib library to open the underlying file. This made things especially tricky when a Perl filehandle was passed to `gzopen`. Behind the scenes the numeric C file descriptor had to be extracted from the Perl filehandle and this passed to the zlib library. Apart from being non-portable to some operating systems, this made it difficult to use `gzopen` in situations where you wanted to extract/create a gzip data stream that is embedded in a larger file, without having to resort to opening and closing the file multiple times. It also made it impossible to pass a perl filehandle that wasn't associated with a real filesystem file, like, say, an `IO::String`. In `Compress::Zlib` version 2.x, the `gzopen` interface has been completely rewritten to use the [IO::Compress::Gzip](../IO/Compress/Gzip.md) for writing gzip files and [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md) for reading gzip files. None of the limitations mentioned above apply. 3. Addition of `gzseek` to provide a restricted `seek` interface. 4. Added `gztell`. A more complete and flexible interface for reading/writing gzip files/buffers is included with the module `IO-Compress-Zlib`. See [IO::Compress::Gzip](../IO/Compress/Gzip.md) and [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md) for more details. - **$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)** - **$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)** This function opens either the _gzip_ file `$filename` for reading or writing or attaches to the opened filehandle, `$filehandle`. It returns an object on success and `undef` on failure. When writing a gzip file this interface will _always_ create the smallest possible gzip header (exactly 10 bytes). If you want greater control over what gets stored in the gzip header (like the original filename or a comment) use [IO::Compress::Gzip](../IO/Compress/Gzip.md) instead. Similarly if you want to read the contents of the gzip header use [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md). The second parameter, `$mode`, is used to specify whether the file is opened for reading or writing and to optionally specify a compression level and compression strategy when writing. The format of the `$mode` parameter is similar to the mode parameter to the 'C' function `fopen`, so "rb" is used to open for reading, "wb" for writing and "ab" for appending (writing at the end of the file). To specify a compression level when writing, append a digit between 0 and 9 to the mode string -- 0 means no compression and 9 means maximum compression. If no compression level is specified Z\_DEFAULT\_COMPRESSION is used. To specify the compression strategy when writing, append 'f' for filtered data, 'h' for Huffman only compression, or 'R' for run-length encoding. If no strategy is specified Z\_DEFAULT\_STRATEGY is used. So, for example, "wb9" means open for writing with the maximum compression using the default strategy and "wb4R" means open for writing with compression level 4 and run-length encoding. Refer to the _zlib_ documentation for the exact format of the `$mode` parameter. - **$bytesread = $gz->gzread($buffer \[, $size\]) ;** Reads `$size` bytes from the compressed file into `$buffer`. If `$size` is not specified, it will default to 4096. If the scalar `$buffer` is not large enough, it will be extended automatically. Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and in the case of an error, -1. - **$bytesread = $gz->gzreadline($line) ;** Reads the next line from the compressed file into `$line`. Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and in the case of an error, -1. It is legal to intermix calls to `gzread` and `gzreadline`. To maintain backward compatibility with version 1.x of this module `gzreadline` ignores the `$/` variable - it _always_ uses the string `"\n"` as the line delimiter. If you want to read a gzip file a line at a time and have it respect the `$/` variable (or `$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`, or `$RS` when `English` is in use) see [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md). - **$byteswritten = $gz->gzwrite($buffer) ;** Writes the contents of `$buffer` to the compressed file. Returns the number of bytes actually written, or 0 on error. - **$status = $gz->gzflush($flush\_type) ;** Flushes all pending output into the compressed file. This method takes an optional parameter, `$flush_type`, that controls how the flushing will be carried out. By default the `$flush_type` used is `Z_FINISH`. Other valid values for `$flush_type` are `Z_NO_FLUSH`, `Z_SYNC_FLUSH`, `Z_FULL_FLUSH` and `Z_BLOCK`. It is strongly recommended that you only set the `flush_type` parameter if you fully understand the implications of what it does - overuse of `flush` can seriously degrade the level of compression achieved. See the `zlib` documentation for details. Returns 0 on success. - **$offset = $gz->gztell() ;** Returns the uncompressed file offset. - **$status = $gz->gzseek($offset, $whence) ;** Provides a sub-set of the `seek` functionality, with the restriction that it is only legal to seek forward in the compressed file. It is a fatal error to attempt to seek backward. When opened for writing, empty parts of the file will have NULL (0x00) bytes written to them. The `$whence` parameter should be one of SEEK\_SET, SEEK\_CUR or SEEK\_END. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure. - **$gz->gzclose** Closes the compressed file. Any pending data is flushed to the file before it is closed. Returns 0 on success. - **$gz->gzsetparams($level, $strategy** Change settings for the deflate stream `$gz`. The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified will remain unchanged. Note: This method is only available if you are running zlib 1.0.6 or better. - **$level** Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`. - **$strategy** Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`. - **$gz->gzerror** Returns the _zlib_ error message or number for the last operation associated with `$gz`. The return value will be the _zlib_ error number when used in a numeric context and the _zlib_ error message when used in a string context. The _zlib_ error number constants, shown below, are available for use. ```text Z_OK Z_STREAM_END Z_ERRNO Z_STREAM_ERROR Z_DATA_ERROR Z_MEM_ERROR Z_BUF_ERROR ``` - **$gzerrno** The `$gzerrno` scalar holds the error code associated with the most recent _gzip_ routine. Note that unlike `gzerror()`, the error is _not_ associated with a particular file. As with `gzerror()` it returns an error number in numeric context and an error message in string context. Unlike `gzerror()` though, the error message will correspond to the _zlib_ message when the error is associated with _zlib_ itself, or the UNIX error message when it is not (i.e. _zlib_ returned `Z_ERRORNO`). As there is an overlap between the error numbers used by _zlib_ and UNIX, `$gzerrno` should only be used to check for the presence of _an_ error in numeric context. Use `gzerror()` to check for specific _zlib_ errors. The _gzcat_ example below shows how the variable can be used safely. ### Examples Here is an example script which uses the interface. It implements a _gzcat_ function. ```perl use strict ; use warnings ; use Compress::Zlib ; ## use stdin if no files supplied @ARGV = '-' unless @ARGV ; foreach my $file (@ARGV) { my $buffer ; my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb") or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ; print $buffer while $gz->gzread($buffer) > 0 ; die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno" . ($gzerrno+0) . "\n" if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ; $gz->gzclose() ; } ``` Below is a script which makes use of `gzreadline`. It implements a very simple _grep_ like script. ```perl use strict ; use warnings ; use Compress::Zlib ; die "Usage: gzgrep pattern [file...]\n" unless @ARGV >= 1; my $pattern = shift ; ## use stdin if no files supplied @ARGV = '-' unless @ARGV ; foreach my $file (@ARGV) { my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb") or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ; while ($gz->gzreadline($_) > 0) { print if /$pattern/ ; } die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno\n" if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ; $gz->gzclose() ; } ``` This script, _gzstream_, does the opposite of the _gzcat_ script above. It reads from standard input and writes a gzip data stream to standard output. ```perl use strict ; use warnings ; use Compress::Zlib ; binmode STDOUT; # gzopen only sets it on the fd my $gz = gzopen(\*STDOUT, "wb") or die "Cannot open stdout: $gzerrno\n" ; while (<>) { $gz->gzwrite($_) or die "error writing: $gzerrno\n" ; } $gz->gzclose ; ``` ### Compress::Zlib::memGzip This function is used to create an in-memory gzip file with the minimum possible gzip header (exactly 10 bytes). ```perl $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer) or die "Cannot compress: $gzerrno\n"; ``` If successful, it returns the in-memory gzip file. Otherwise it returns `undef` and the `$gzerrno` variable will store the zlib error code. The `$buffer` parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. See [IO::Compress::Gzip](../IO/Compress/Gzip.md) for an alternative way to carry out in-memory gzip compression. ### Compress::Zlib::memGunzip This function is used to uncompress an in-memory gzip file. ```perl $dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer) or die "Cannot uncompress: $gzerrno\n"; ``` If successful, it returns the uncompressed gzip file. Otherwise it returns `undef` and the `$gzerrno` variable will store the zlib error code. The `$buffer` parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. The contents of the `$buffer` parameter are destroyed after calling this function. If `$buffer` consists of multiple concatenated gzip data streams only the first will be uncompressed. Use `gunzip` with the `MultiStream` option in the `IO::Uncompress::Gunzip` module if you need to deal with concatenated data streams. See [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md) for an alternative way to carry out in-memory gzip uncompression. ## COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS Two functions are provided to perform in-memory compression/uncompression of RFC 1950 data streams. They are called `compress` and `uncompress`. - **$dest = compress($source \[, $level\] ) ;** Compresses `$source`. If successful it returns the compressed data. Otherwise it returns _undef_. The source buffer, `$source`, can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. The `$level` parameter defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`. If `$level` is not specified `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION` will be used. - **$dest = uncompress($source) ;** Uncompresses `$source`. If successful it returns the uncompressed data. Otherwise it returns _undef_. The source buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. Please note: the two functions defined above are _not_ compatible with the Unix commands of the same name. See [IO::Deflate](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Deflate) and [IO::Inflate](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Inflate) included with this distribution for an alternative interface for reading/writing RFC 1950 files/buffers. ## Deflate Interface This section defines an interface that allows in-memory compression using the _deflate_ interface provided by zlib. Here is a definition of the interface available: ### **($d, $status) = deflateInit( \[OPT\] )** Initialises a deflation stream. It combines the features of the _zlib_ functions `deflateInit`, `deflateInit2` and `deflateSetDictionary`. If successful, it will return the initialised deflation stream, `$d` and `$status` of `Z_OK` in a list context. In scalar context it returns the deflation stream, `$d`, only. If not successful, the returned deflation stream (`$d`) will be _undef_ and `$status` will hold the exact _zlib_ error code. The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as `-Name=>value` pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list. For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs. The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash. The contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored. Here is a list of the valid options: - **-Level** Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`. The default is Z\_DEFAULT\_COMPRESSION. - **-Method** Defines the compression method. The only valid value at present (and the default) is Z\_DEFLATED. - **-WindowBits** To create an RFC 1950 data stream, set `WindowBits` to a positive number. To create an RFC 1951 data stream, set `WindowBits` to `-MAX_WBITS`. For a full definition of the meaning and valid values for `WindowBits` refer to the _zlib_ documentation for _deflateInit2_. Defaults to MAX\_WBITS. - **-MemLevel** For a definition of the meaning and valid values for `MemLevel` refer to the _zlib_ documentation for _deflateInit2_. Defaults to MAX\_MEM\_LEVEL. - **-Strategy** Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`. The default is Z\_DEFAULT\_STRATEGY. - **-Dictionary** When a dictionary is specified _Compress::Zlib_ will automatically call `deflateSetDictionary` directly after calling `deflateInit`. The Adler32 value for the dictionary can be obtained by calling the method `$d->dict_adler()`. The default is no dictionary. - **-Bufsize** Sets the initial size for the deflation buffer. If the buffer has to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of `Bufsize`. The default is 4096. Here is an example of using the `deflateInit` optional parameter list to override the default buffer size and compression level. All other options will take their default values. ```perl deflateInit( -Bufsize => 300, -Level => Z_BEST_SPEED ) ; ``` ### **($out, $status) = $d->deflate($buffer)** Deflates the contents of `$buffer`. The buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. When finished, `$buffer` will be completely processed (assuming there were no errors). If the deflation was successful it returns the deflated output, `$out`, and a status value, `$status`, of `Z_OK`. On error, `$out` will be _undef_ and `$status` will contain the _zlib_ error code. In a scalar context `deflate` will return `$out` only. As with the _deflate_ function in _zlib_, it is not necessarily the case that any output will be produced by this method. So don't rely on the fact that `$out` is empty for an error test. ### **($out, $status) = $d->flush()** =head2 **($out, $status) = $d->flush($flush\_type)** Typically used to finish the deflation. Any pending output will be returned via `$out`. `$status` will have a value `Z_OK` if successful. In a scalar context `flush` will return `$out` only. Note that flushing can seriously degrade the compression ratio, so it should only be used to terminate a decompression (using `Z_FINISH`) or when you want to create a _full flush point_ (using `Z_FULL_FLUSH`). By default the `flush_type` used is `Z_FINISH`. Other valid values for `flush_type` are `Z_NO_FLUSH`, `Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH`, `Z_SYNC_FLUSH` and `Z_FULL_FLUSH`. It is strongly recommended that you only set the `flush_type` parameter if you fully understand the implications of what it does. See the `zlib` documentation for details. ### **$status = $d->deflateParams(\[OPT\])** Change settings for the deflate stream `$d`. The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified will remain unchanged. - **-Level** Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`. - **-Strategy** Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`. ### **$d->dict\_adler()** Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary. ### **$d->msg()** Returns the last error message generated by zlib. ### **$d->total\_in()** Returns the total number of bytes uncompressed bytes input to deflate. ### **$d->total\_out()** Returns the total number of compressed bytes output from deflate. ### Example Here is a trivial example of using `deflate`. It simply reads standard input, deflates it and writes it to standard output. ```perl use strict ; use warnings ; use Compress::Zlib ; binmode STDIN; binmode STDOUT; my $x = deflateInit() or die "Cannot create a deflation stream\n" ; my ($output, $status) ; while (<>) { ($output, $status) = $x->deflate($_) ; $status == Z_OK or die "deflation failed\n" ; print $output ; } ($output, $status) = $x->flush() ; $status == Z_OK or die "deflation failed\n" ; print $output ; ``` ## Inflate Interface This section defines the interface available that allows in-memory uncompression using the _deflate_ interface provided by zlib. Here is a definition of the interface: ### **($i, $status) = inflateInit()** Initialises an inflation stream. In a list context it returns the inflation stream, `$i`, and the _zlib_ status code in `$status`. In a scalar context it returns the inflation stream only. If successful, `$i` will hold the inflation stream and `$status` will be `Z_OK`. If not successful, `$i` will be _undef_ and `$status` will hold the _zlib_ error code. The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as `-Name=>value` pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list. For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs. The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash. The contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored. Here is a list of the valid options: - **-WindowBits** To uncompress an RFC 1950 data stream, set `WindowBits` to a positive number. To uncompress an RFC 1951 data stream, set `WindowBits` to `-MAX_WBITS`. For a full definition of the meaning and valid values for `WindowBits` refer to the _zlib_ documentation for _inflateInit2_. Defaults to MAX\_WBITS. - **-Bufsize** Sets the initial size for the inflation buffer. If the buffer has to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of `Bufsize`. Default is 4096. - **-Dictionary** The default is no dictionary. Here is an example of using the `inflateInit` optional parameter to override the default buffer size. ```perl inflateInit( -Bufsize => 300 ) ; ``` ### **($out, $status) = $i->inflate($buffer)** Inflates the complete contents of `$buffer`. The buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. Returns `Z_OK` if successful and `Z_STREAM_END` if the end of the compressed data has been successfully reached. If not successful, `$out` will be _undef_ and `$status` will hold the _zlib_ error code. The `$buffer` parameter is modified by `inflate`. On completion it will contain what remains of the input buffer after inflation. This means that `$buffer` will be an empty string when the return status is `Z_OK`. When the return status is `Z_STREAM_END` the `$buffer` parameter will contains what (if anything) was stored in the input buffer after the deflated data stream. This feature is useful when processing a file format that encapsulates a compressed data stream (e.g. gzip, zip). ### **$status = $i->inflateSync($buffer)** Scans `$buffer` until it reaches either a _full flush point_ or the end of the buffer. If a _full flush point_ is found, `Z_OK` is returned and `$buffer` will be have all data up to the flush point removed. This can then be passed to the `deflate` method. Any other return code means that a flush point was not found. If more data is available, `inflateSync` can be called repeatedly with more compressed data until the flush point is found. ### **$i->dict\_adler()** Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary. ### **$i->msg()** Returns the last error message generated by zlib. ### **$i->total\_in()** Returns the total number of bytes compressed bytes input to inflate. ### **$i->total\_out()** Returns the total number of uncompressed bytes output from inflate. ### Example Here is an example of using `inflate`. ```perl use strict ; use warnings ; use Compress::Zlib ; my $x = inflateInit() or die "Cannot create a inflation stream\n" ; my $input = '' ; binmode STDIN; binmode STDOUT; my ($output, $status) ; while (read(STDIN, $input, 4096)) { ($output, $status) = $x->inflate(\$input) ; print $output if $status == Z_OK or $status == Z_STREAM_END ; last if $status != Z_OK ; } die "inflation failed\n" unless $status == Z_STREAM_END ; ``` ## CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS Two functions are provided by _zlib_ to calculate checksums. For the Perl interface, the order of the two parameters in both functions has been reversed. This allows both running checksums and one off calculations to be done. ```perl $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ; $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ; ``` The buffer parameters can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. If the $crc parameters is `undef`, the crc value will be reset. If you have built this module with zlib 1.2.3 or better, two more CRC-related functions are available. ```perl $crc = crc32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2); $adler = adler32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2); ``` These functions allow checksums to be merged. Refer to the _zlib_ documentation for more details. ## Misc ### my $version = Compress::Zlib::zlib\_version(); Returns the version of the zlib library. ## CONSTANTS All the _zlib_ constants are automatically imported when you make use of _Compress::Zlib_. ## SUPPORT General feedback/questions/bug reports should be sent to [https://github.com/pmqs/IO-Compress/issues](https://github.com/pmqs/IO-Compress/issues) (preferred) or [https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=IO-Compress](https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=IO-Compress). ## SEE ALSO [IO::Compress::Gzip](../IO/Compress/Gzip.md), [IO::Uncompress::Gunzip](../IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.md), [IO::Compress::Deflate](../IO/Compress/Deflate.md), [IO::Uncompress::Inflate](../IO/Uncompress/Inflate.md), [IO::Compress::RawDeflate](../IO/Compress/RawDeflate.md), [IO::Uncompress::RawInflate](../IO/Uncompress/RawInflate.md), [IO::Compress::Bzip2](../IO/Compress/Bzip2.md), [IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2](../IO/Uncompress/Bunzip2.md), [IO::Compress::Lzma](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Lzma), [IO::Uncompress::UnLzma](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnLzma), [IO::Compress::Xz](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Xz), [IO::Uncompress::UnXz](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnXz), [IO::Compress::Lzip](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Lzip), [IO::Uncompress::UnLzip](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnLzip), [IO::Compress::Lzop](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Lzop), [IO::Uncompress::UnLzop](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnLzop), [IO::Compress::Lzf](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Lzf), [IO::Uncompress::UnLzf](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnLzf), [IO::Compress::Zstd](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::Zstd), [IO::Uncompress::UnZstd](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Uncompress::UnZstd), [IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate](../IO/Uncompress/AnyInflate.md), [IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress](../IO/Uncompress/AnyUncompress.md) [IO::Compress::FAQ](https://metacpan.org/pod/IO::Compress::FAQ) [File::GlobMapper](../File/GlobMapper.md), [Archive::Zip](https://metacpan.org/pod/Archive::Zip), [Archive::Tar](../Archive/Tar.md), [IO::Zlib](../IO/Zlib.md) For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1950](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1950), [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1951](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1951) and [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1952](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1952) The _zlib_ compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly `gzip@prep.ai.mit.edu` and Mark Adler `madler@alumni.caltech.edu`. The primary site for the _zlib_ compression library is [http://www.zlib.org](http://www.zlib.org). The primary site for the _zlib-ng_ compression library is [https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng](https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng). The primary site for gzip is [http://www.gzip.org](http://www.gzip.org). ## AUTHOR This module was written by Paul Marquess, `pmqs@cpan.org`. ## MODIFICATION HISTORY See the Changes file. ## COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright (c) 1995-2026 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.