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```{index} single: sha_functional; Digest::SHA function
```
```{index} single: Digest::SHA::sha_functional; Perl function
```

# sha_functional

Compute a SHA digest of the concatenated arguments in one call.

This is the dispatcher behind every functional hash entry point — all 21
shapes (7 algorithms × 3 encodings) route through it. The Perl-level name
selects both the algorithm and the output encoding:

- `sha1`, `sha224`, `sha256`, `sha384`, `sha512`, `sha512224`, `sha512256`
  return the **raw binary** digest (a fixed-length byte string).
- `sha1_hex`, `sha224_hex`, … return the **lowercase hex** digest.
- `sha1_base64`, `sha224_base64`, … return the **unpadded Base64** digest.

All arguments are concatenated byte-wise before hashing, so
`sha256_hex("foo", "bar")` is identical to `sha256_hex("foobar")`.

## Synopsis

```perl
use Digest::SHA qw(sha256_hex sha512_base64);
my $hex = sha256_hex($data);
my $b64 = sha512_base64(@chunks);
```

## What you get back

A plain scalar. For the raw-binary variants it is a byte string of
fixed length (20 bytes for SHA-1, 28 for SHA-224, 32 for SHA-256, 48 for
SHA-384, 64 for SHA-512). For `_hex` variants it is twice that length.
For `_base64` variants it is the unpadded Base64 encoding (no trailing
`=` characters).

## Examples

```perl
use Digest::SHA qw(sha256_hex);
print sha256_hex("abc");

## e.g. ba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad

```

```perl
use Digest::SHA qw(sha1_hex);
my $digest = sha1_hex("The quick brown fox ", "jumps over the lazy dog");

## identical to sha1_hex("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog")

```

```perl
use Digest::SHA qw(sha512_base64);
my $tag = sha512_base64($payload);

## 86-character unpadded Base64 string

```

```perl
use Digest::SHA qw(sha256);
my $raw = sha256("");     # 32 raw bytes
print length $raw;        # 32
```

## Edge cases

- No arguments: hashes the empty string. `sha256_hex()` returns the
  well-known `e3b0c442…` empty-input digest.
- Wide characters (codepoint above `255`) croak with
  `Wide character in subroutine entry` — encode to UTF-8 first if you
  want to hash text above Latin-1.

## Differences from upstream

Fully compatible with upstream `Digest::SHA` {{ upstream.Digest_SHA }}.

## See also

- `hmac_sha256_hex` — keyed variant for message authentication.
- `Digest::SHA->new(256)` — incremental interface for large or streamed input.
- `sha256` — raw-binary counterpart of `sha256_hex`.