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  • Introduction
  • Getting Started
  • CLI options
  • How-To
  • Reference
  • Changelog

Section Navigation

  • Special variables
    • Default variables
    • Process identity
    • Error state
    • Filehandle and printing state
    • Regex match variables
    • Interpreter introspection
    • Program input - @ARGV, %ENV, @INC
    • Signal handling - %SIG
  • Built-in Functions
    • Built-in Functions by Category
    • CLASS
    • FILE
    • LINE
    • PACKAGE
    • SUB
    • abs
    • accept
    • alarm
    • all
    • any
    • atan2
    • bind
    • binmode
    • bless
    • break
    • caller
    • catch
    • chdir
    • chmod
    • chomp
    • chop
    • chown
    • chr
    • chroot
    • class
    • close
    • closedir
    • connect
    • continue
    • cos
    • crypt
    • dbmclose
    • dbmopen
    • defer
    • defined
    • delete
    • die
    • do
    • dump
    • each
    • endgrent
    • endhostent
    • endnetent
    • endprotoent
    • endpwent
    • endservent
    • eof
    • eval
    • evalbytes
    • exec
    • exists
    • exit
    • exp
    • fc
    • fcntl
    • field
    • fileno
    • finally
    • flock
    • fork
    • format
    • formline
    • getc
    • getgrent
    • getgrgid
    • getgrnam
    • gethostbyaddr
    • gethostbyname
    • gethostent
    • getlogin
    • getnetbyaddr
    • getnetbyname
    • getnetent
    • getpeername
    • getpgrp
    • getppid
    • getpriority
    • getprotobyname
    • getprotobynumber
    • getprotoent
    • getpwent
    • getpwnam
    • getpwuid
    • getservbyname
    • getservbyport
    • getservent
    • getsockname
    • getsockopt
    • glob
    • gmtime
    • goto
    • grep
    • hex
    • import
    • index
    • int
    • ioctl
    • isa
    • join
    • keys
    • kill
    • last
    • lc
    • lcfirst
    • length
    • link
    • listen
    • local
    • localtime
    • lock
    • log
    • lstat
    • m//
    • map
    • method
    • mkdir
    • msgctl
    • msgget
    • msgrcv
    • msgsnd
    • my
    • next
    • no
    • oct
    • open
    • opendir
    • ord
    • our
    • pack
    • package
    • pipe
    • pop
    • pos
    • print
    • printf
    • prototype
    • push
    • q//
    • qq//
    • qr//
    • quotemeta
    • qw//
    • qx//
    • rand
    • read
    • readdir
    • readline
    • readlink
    • readpipe
    • recv
    • redo
    • ref
    • rename
    • require
    • reset
    • return
    • reverse
    • rewinddir
    • rindex
    • rmdir
    • s///
    • say
    • scalar
    • seek
    • seekdir
    • select
    • semctl
    • semget
    • semop
    • send
    • setgrent
    • sethostent
    • setnetent
    • setpgrp
    • setpriority
    • setprotoent
    • setpwent
    • setservent
    • setsockopt
    • shift
    • shmctl
    • shmget
    • shmread
    • shmwrite
    • shutdown
    • sin
    • sleep
    • socket
    • socketpair
    • sort
    • splice
    • split
    • sprintf
    • sqrt
    • srand
    • stat
    • state
    • study
    • sub
    • substr
    • symlink
    • syscall
    • sysopen
    • sysread
    • sysseek
    • system
    • syswrite
    • tell
    • telldir
    • tie
    • tied
    • time
    • times
    • tr///
    • truncate
    • try
    • uc
    • ucfirst
    • umask
    • undef
    • unlink
    • unpack
    • unshift
    • untie
    • use
    • utime
    • values
    • vec
    • wait
    • waitpid
    • wantarray
    • warn
    • write
    • y///
  • Operators
    • Arithmetic operators
    • String operators
    • Numeric comparison operators
    • String comparison operators
    • Logical operators
    • Bitwise operators
    • Range and flip-flop operators
    • Regex binding operators
    • Assignment operators
    • Ternary operator
    • Subscript and slice operators
    • Arrow operator
    • Comma operators
    • Precedence
  • Data types
    • Scalars
    • Arrays
    • Hashes
    • Context
    • Numbers and strings
    • References
    • Typeglobs
    • Interpolation
  • Subroutines
    • Declaration
    • Arguments and @_
    • Return values
    • Scoping: my, our, local, state
    • Prototypes
    • Signatures
    • Recursion
    • Lvalue subs and context
    • Attributes
    • Phasers: BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT, END
  • Locale handling
  • Diagnostic messages
    • General fatal errors
    • Regex compilation errors
    • Compile-time syntax errors
    • Warnings
    • Value and type errors
    • Internal errors
    • pperl-specific diagnostics
  • Security and taint mode
  • AE
  • AnyDBM_File
  • AnyEvent
    • AnyEvent::DNS
    • AnyEvent::Debug
    • AnyEvent::Handle
    • AnyEvent::IO
      • AnyEvent::IO::IOAIO
      • AnyEvent::IO::Perl
    • AnyEvent::Impl
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa
      • AnyEvent::Impl::EV
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Event
      • AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib
      • AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Glib
      • AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi
      • AnyEvent::Impl::POE
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Perl
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Qt
      • AnyEvent::Impl::Tk
      • AnyEvent::Impl::UV
    • AnyEvent::Log
    • AnyEvent::Loop
    • AnyEvent::Socket
    • AnyEvent::Strict
    • AnyEvent::TLS
    • AnyEvent::Util
  • App
    • App::Cpan
    • App::Prove
      • App::Prove::State
  • Archive
    • Archive::Tar
      • Archive::Tar::File
  • Attribute
    • Attribute::Handlers
  • AutoLoader
  • AutoSplit
  • B
    • B::AV
    • B::BINOP
    • B::BM
    • B::COP
    • B::COW
      • is_cow
      • cowrefcnt
      • cowrefcnt_max
    • B::CV
      • GV
      • NAME_HEK
    • B::Concise
    • B::Deparse
    • B::FM
    • B::GV
      • NAME
      • SV
    • B::HE
    • B::HV
      • NAME
    • B::IO
      • IsSTD
    • B::IV
      • packiv
    • B::LISTOP
    • B::LOGOP
    • B::LOOP
    • B::MAGIC
    • B::METHOP
    • B::NV
    • B::OP
      • oplist
    • B::Op_private
    • B::PADLIST
    • B::PADNAME
    • B::PADNAMELIST
    • B::PADOP
    • B::PMOP
    • B::PV
      • PV
    • B::PVLV
    • B::PVMG
    • B::RHE
    • B::SV
      • REFCNT
      • SvTYPE
      • object_2svref
    • B::SVOP
    • B::Showlex
    • B::Terse
    • B::UNOP
    • B::UNOP_AUX
    • B::Xref
    • svref_2object
    • opnumber
    • main_root
    • walkoptree
    • walkoptree_debug
    • cstring
    • cchar
    • hash
    • comppadlist
    • B::GV::SAFENAME
    • safename
  • Benchmark
  • CPAN
    • CPAN::Debug
    • CPAN::Distroprefs
    • CPAN::FirstTime
    • CPAN::HandleConfig
    • CPAN::Kwalify
    • CPAN::Meta
      • CPAN::Meta::Converter
      • CPAN::Meta::Feature
      • CPAN::Meta::History
      • CPAN::Meta::Merge
      • CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
      • CPAN::Meta::Requirements
      • CPAN::Meta::Spec
      • CPAN::Meta::Validator
      • CPAN::Meta::YAML
    • CPAN::Mirrors
    • CPAN::Nox
    • CPAN::Plugin
      • CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
    • CPAN::Queue
    • CPAN::Tarzip
    • CPAN::Version
  • Cairo
    • Cairo::Context
      • select_font_face
      • show_text
      • tag_begin
      • show_glyphs
      • show_text_glyphs
      • copy_path
      • append_path
      • copy_clip_rectangle_list
    • Cairo::Font
    • Cairo::FontFace
    • Cairo::FontOptions
    • Cairo::Format
      • stride_for_width
    • Cairo::FtFontFace
      • create
    • Cairo::Gradient
    • Cairo::ImageSurface
      • create_for_data
      • create_from_png
      • create_from_png_stream
    • Cairo::LinearGradient
    • Cairo::Matrix
    • Cairo::Pattern
    • Cairo::PdfSurface
      • set_metadata
      • add_outline
    • Cairo::PsSurface
    • Cairo::RadialGradient
    • Cairo::RecordingSurface
      • create
    • Cairo::Region
      • create
    • Cairo::ScaledFont
      • text_to_glyphs
    • Cairo::SolidPattern
    • Cairo::Surface
      • create_similar
      • create_for_rectangle
      • supports_mime_type
      • write_to_png_stream
      • set_mime_data
    • Cairo::SurfacePattern
    • Cairo::SvgSurface
    • Cairo::ToyFontFace
    • VERSION_ENCODE
  • Capture
    • Capture::Tiny
  • Carp
  • Class
    • Class::Inspector
      • Class::Inspector::Functions
    • Class::Load
      • Class::Load::XS
    • Class::MOP
      • Class::MOP::Method
      • get_code_info
    • Class::Struct
    • Class::XSAccessor
      • Class::XSAccessor::Array
      • Class::XSAccessor::Heavy
  • Clone
    • clone
  • Compress
    • Compress::Raw
      • Compress::Raw::Bunzip2
      • Compress::Raw::Bzip2
      • Compress::Raw::Zlib
    • Compress::Zlib
  • Config
    • Config::Extensions
    • Config::Perl
      • Config::Perl::V
    • myconfig
    • config_sh
    • config_vars
    • config_re
    • lib_file
    • lib_files
    • jit_counts
    • compile_date
    • local_patches
    • bincompat_options
    • non_bincompat_options
    • header_files
  • Coro
    • Coro::AIO
    • Coro::AnyEvent
    • Coro::BDB
    • Coro::Channel
    • Coro::Debug
    • Coro::EV
    • Coro::Event
    • Coro::Handle
    • Coro::LWP
    • Coro::RWLock
    • Coro::Select
    • Coro::Semaphore
    • Coro::SemaphoreSet
    • Coro::Signal
    • Coro::Socket
    • Coro::Specific
    • Coro::State
    • Coro::Storable
    • Coro::Timer
    • Coro::Util
  • Crypt
    • Crypt::OpenSSL
      • Crypt::OpenSSL::Random
  • Cwd
    • getcwd
    • abs_path
    • cwd
    • fast_abs_path
    • chdir
  • DB
  • DBD
    • DBD::DBM
    • DBD::File
    • DBD::Gofer
      • DBD::Gofer::Policy
      • DBD::Gofer::Transport
    • DBD::Mem
    • DBD::Proxy
    • DBD::SQLite
      • DBD::SQLite::Constants
    • DBD::Sponge
  • DBI
    • DBI::Const
      • DBI::Const::GetInfo
      • DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn
      • DBI::Const::GetInfoType
    • DBI::DBD
      • DBI::DBD::Metadata
      • DBI::DBD::SqlEngine
    • DBI::Gofer
      • DBI::Gofer::Execute
      • DBI::Gofer::Request
      • DBI::Gofer::Response
      • DBI::Gofer::Serializer
      • DBI::Gofer::Transport
    • DBI::Profile
    • DBI::ProfileData
    • DBI::ProfileDumper
    • DBI::ProfileSubs
    • DBI::ProxyServer
    • DBI::PurePerl
    • DBI::SQL
      • DBI::SQL::Nano
    • DBI::Util
      • DBI::Util::CacheMemory
  • DBM_Filter
    • DBM_Filter::compress
    • DBM_Filter::encode
    • DBM_Filter::int32
    • DBM_Filter::null
    • DBM_Filter::utf8
  • DB_File
    • unshift
    • pop
    • shift
    • push
    • del
    • get
    • put
    • fd
    • sync
    • seq
    • filter_fetch_key
    • filter_store_key
    • filter_fetch_value
    • filter_store_value
  • Data
    • Data::Dumper
      • Dumpxs
    • Data::UUID
      • new
      • create
      • create_from_name
      • compare
      • to_b64string
      • from_b64string
  • Devel
    • Devel::Cover
    • Devel::Peek
      • Dump
      • DumpArray
      • SvREFCNT
      • DeadCode
      • mstat
    • Devel::SelfStubber
    • Devel::Size
  • Digest
    • Digest::MD5
      • new
      • clone
      • add
      • addfile
      • digest
      • hexdigest
      • b64digest
      • context
      • md5
      • md5_hex
      • md5_base64
      • reset
      • add_bits
    • Digest::SHA
      • sha1
      • hmac_sha1
      • newSHA
      • add
      • algorithm
      • hashsize
      • new
      • reset
      • add_bits
      • addfile
      • getstate
      • putstate
      • dump
      • load
    • Digest::SHA1
      • new
      • add
      • addfile
      • b64digest
      • sha1
      • sha1_transform
    • Digest::base
    • Digest::file
  • DirHandle
  • Dumpvalue
  • DynaLoader
  • EV
    • EV::Async
    • EV::Child
    • EV::Embed
    • EV::IO
    • EV::Loop
    • EV::Periodic
    • EV::Signal
    • EV::Stat
      • attr
    • EV::Timer
      • again
    • EV::Watcher
      • keepalive
    • loop
    • io
    • timer
    • periodic
    • once
  • Encode
    • Encode::Alias
    • Encode::Byte
    • Encode::CJKConstants
    • Encode::CN
      • Encode::CN::HZ
    • Encode::Config
    • Encode::EBCDIC
    • Encode::Encoder
    • Encode::Encoding
    • Encode::GSM0338
    • Encode::Guess
    • Encode::JP
      • Encode::JP::H2Z
      • Encode::JP::JIS7
    • Encode::KR
      • Encode::KR::2022_KR
    • Encode::MIME
      • Encode::MIME::Header
      • Encode::MIME::Name
    • Encode::Symbol
    • Encode::TW
    • Encode::Unicode
      • Encode::Unicode::UTF7
      • decode
      • encode
    • Encode::XS
    • Encode::utf8
    • encodings
    • find_encoding
  • English
  • Env
  • Errno
  • Event
    • Event::Event
      • Event::Event::Dataful
      • Event::Event::Io
    • Event::Watcher
      • Event::Watcher::Tied
    • Event::generic
      • Event::generic::Source
    • Event::group
    • Event::idle
    • Event::io
    • Event::signal
    • Event::timer
    • Event::var
    • one_event
  • Exporter
    • Exporter::Heavy
  • ExtUtils
    • ExtUtils::CBuilder
    • ExtUtils::Command
      • ExtUtils::Command::MM
    • ExtUtils::Embed
    • ExtUtils::HasCompiler
    • ExtUtils::Install
    • ExtUtils::Installed
    • ExtUtils::Liblist
    • ExtUtils::MM
    • ExtUtils::MM_Any
    • ExtUtils::MM_Unix
    • ExtUtils::MY
    • ExtUtils::MakeMaker
      • ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
      • ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
    • ExtUtils::Manifest
    • ExtUtils::Miniperl
    • ExtUtils::PL2Bat
    • ExtUtils::Packlist
    • ExtUtils::testlib
  • FFI
    • FFI::Build
      • FFI::Build::File
      • FFI::Build::MM
      • FFI::Build::Platform
      • FFI::Build::Plugin
      • FFI::Build::PluginData
    • FFI::CheckLib
    • FFI::Platypus
      • FFI::Platypus::API
      • FFI::Platypus::Buffer
      • FFI::Platypus::Bundle
      • FFI::Platypus::Closure
      • FFI::Platypus::Constant
      • FFI::Platypus::DL
      • FFI::Platypus::Function
      • FFI::Platypus::Internal
      • FFI::Platypus::Lang
      • FFI::Platypus::Legacy
      • FFI::Platypus::Memory
      • FFI::Platypus::Record
      • FFI::Platypus::ShareConfig
      • FFI::Platypus::Type
      • FFI::Platypus::TypeParser
    • FFI::Probe
      • FFI::Probe::Runner
    • FFI::Temp
  • Fatal
  • Fcntl
    • S_IMODE
    • S_IFMT
    • S_ISREG
  • File
    • File::Basename
    • File::Compare
    • File::Copy
    • File::DosGlob
    • File::Fetch
    • File::Find
    • File::Glob
      • bsd_glob
      • csh_glob
      • GLOB_ERROR
    • File::GlobMapper
    • File::Map
      • map_file
      • map_handle
      • map_anonymous
      • sys_map
      • sync
      • remap
      • unmap
      • advise
      • protect
    • File::Path
    • File::ShareDir
    • File::Spec
      • File::Spec::AmigaOS
      • File::Spec::Cygwin
      • File::Spec::Epoc
      • File::Spec::Functions
      • File::Spec::Mac
      • File::Spec::OS2
      • File::Spec::Unix
      • File::Spec::VMS
      • File::Spec::Win32
    • File::Temp
    • File::Which
    • File::stat
  • FileCache
  • FileHandle
  • Filter
    • Filter::Simple
    • Filter::Util
      • Filter::Util::Call
      • Filter::Util::Exec
    • Filter::cpp
    • Filter::decrypt
    • Filter::exec
    • Filter::m4
    • Filter::sh
    • Filter::tee
  • FindBin
  • GD
    • GD::Group
    • GD::Image
    • GD::Polygon
    • GD::Polyline
    • GD::Simple
    • supportsFileType
  • GDBM_File
    • reorganize
    • recover
    • dump
    • load
  • Getopt
    • Getopt::Long
      • Getopt::Long::Parser
    • Getopt::Std
  • Guard
    • scope_guard
  • HTML
    • HTML::Entities
    • HTML::Filter
    • HTML::HeadParser
    • HTML::LinkExtor
    • HTML::Parser
    • HTML::PullParser
    • HTML::Tagset
    • HTML::TokeParser
  • HTTP
    • HTTP::Parser
      • HTTP::Parser::XS
    • HTTP::Tiny
  • Hash
    • Hash::Util
      • Hash::Util::FieldHash
      • all_keys
      • hidden_ref_keys
      • hv_store
      • hash_seed
      • hash_value
      • hash_traversal_mask
      • bucket_info
      • bucket_array
      • bucket_ratio
      • num_buckets
      • used_buckets
      • bucket_stats
      • bucket_stats_formatted
      • lock_keys
      • unlock_keys
      • lock_ref_keys
      • unlock_ref_keys
      • lock_ref_keys_plus
      • lock_value
      • unlock_value
      • lock_hash
      • lock_hash_recurse
      • hash_locked
      • hash_unlocked
      • hidden_keys
      • legal_keys
  • I18N
    • I18N::Collate
    • I18N::LangTags
      • I18N::LangTags::Detect
      • I18N::LangTags::List
    • I18N::Langinfo
      • langinfo
  • IO
    • IO::Compress
      • IO::Compress::Base
      • IO::Compress::Bzip2
      • IO::Compress::Deflate
      • IO::Compress::Gzip
      • IO::Compress::RawDeflate
      • IO::Compress::Zip
    • IO::Dir
    • IO::File
    • IO::Handle
    • IO::Pipe
    • IO::Poll
    • IO::Pty
      • pty_allocate
    • IO::Seekable
    • IO::Select
    • IO::Socket
      • IO::Socket::INET
      • IO::Socket::IP
      • IO::Socket::SSL
      • IO::Socket::UNIX
    • IO::Tty
      • IO::Tty::Constant
      • ttyname
      • pack_winsize
    • IO::Uncompress
      • IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
      • IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
      • IO::Uncompress::Base
      • IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
      • IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
      • IO::Uncompress::Inflate
      • IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
      • IO::Uncompress::Unzip
    • IO::Zlib
  • IPC
    • IPC::Cmd
    • IPC::Msg
    • IPC::Open2
    • IPC::Open3
    • IPC::Semaphore
    • IPC::SharedMem
    • IPC::SysV
      • shmat
  • Imager
    • Imager::Color
      • Imager::Color::Float
      • Imager::Color::Table
    • Imager::Expr
      • Imager::Expr::Assem
    • Imager::Fill
    • Imager::Font
      • Imager::Font::BBox
      • Imager::Font::FT2
      • Imager::Font::FreeType2
      • Imager::Font::Test
      • Imager::Font::Wrap
    • Imager::Fountain
    • Imager::Matrix2d
    • Imager::Regops
    • Imager::Test
    • Imager::Transform
    • Imager::TrimColorList
  • JSON
    • JSON::PP
      • JSON::PP::Boolean
      • encode
      • decode
      • decode_prefix
      • encode_json
      • decode_json
      • new
      • ascii
      • max_depth
      • boolean_values
      • core_bools
      • filter_json_object
      • filter_json_single_key_object
      • sort_by
      • incr_parse
      • is_bool
    • JSON::XS
      • JSON::XS::Boolean
      • allow_blessed
      • encode
      • decode
      • decode_prefix
      • incr_parse
      • decode_json
  • LMDB_File
  • List
    • List::MoreUtils
      • List::MoreUtils::XS
    • List::Util
      • List::Util::XS
      • sum
      • sum0
      • min
      • max
      • product
      • head
      • tail
      • shuffle
      • sample
      • uniq
      • uniqstr
      • uniqnum
      • uniqint
      • minstr
      • maxstr
      • pairs
      • unpairs
      • pairkeys
      • pairvalues
      • pairmap
      • pairgrep
      • pairfirst
      • mesh
      • mesh_shortest
      • zip
      • zip_shortest
      • reduce
      • reductions
      • first
      • any
      • all
      • none
      • notall
  • Locale
    • Locale::Maketext
      • Locale::Maketext::Guts
      • Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
      • Locale::Maketext::Simple
  • MIME
    • MIME::Base64
      • encode_base64
      • decode_base64
      • encoded_base64_length
      • decoded_base64_length
      • encode_base64url
      • decode_base64url
    • MIME::Charset
    • MIME::QuotedPrint
      • encode_qp
      • decode_qp
  • Math
    • Math::BigFloat
    • Math::BigInt
      • Math::BigInt::Calc
      • Math::BigInt::FastCalc
      • Math::BigInt::Lib
    • Math::BigRat
    • Math::Complex
    • Math::GMP
      • _gmp_build_version
      • _gmp_lib_version
      • get_str_gmp
      • sizeinbase_gmp
      • intify
      • add_ui_gmp
      • powm_gmp
      • mmod_gmp
      • op_numify
      • bmulf
      • bdiv
      • bmodinv
      • legendre
      • probab_prime
      • bgcd
      • blcm
      • fibonacci
      • blshift
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  • Reference
  • List

List#

Namespace containing the following modules:

  • List::MoreUtils

  • List::Util - The standard library of list reductions and scanners.

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