Built-in Functions

pperl PP runtime built-in functions extracted from the Rust implementation source.

Array Functions

• delete — Removes the specified element(s) from a hash or array.
• each — Returns the next key-value pair from a hash’s internal iterator.
• exists — Tests whether a hash key or array index is present in the container.
• keys — Returns all keys of a hash, or the number of keys in scalar context.
• pop — Removes and returns the last element of an array.
• push — Appends one or more values to the end of an array, growing it as needed.
• shift — Removes and returns the first element of an array, shifting all
• sort — Sorts a list of values and returns them in sorted order.
• splice — Removes and/or replaces elements in an array, returning the removed
• unshift — Prepends one or more values to the beginning of an array.
• values — Returns all values of a hash, or the number of values in scalar context.

File Functions

• chdir — Changes the process’s current working directory.
• chmod — Changes file permissions on one or more files.
• chown — Changes the owner and group of one or more files.
• closedir — Closes a directory handle, releasing its resources.
• glob — Expands shell-style filename patterns into matching pathnames.
• link — Creates a hard link to an existing file.
• lstat — Returns file metadata without following symbolic links.
• mkdir — Creates a new directory with the specified permissions.
• opendir — Opens a directory for reading via a directory handle.
• readdir — Reads entries from an open directory handle.
• readlink — Returns the target of a symbolic link.
• rename — Renames or moves a file.
• rewinddir — Resets the position of a directory handle back to the beginning.
• rmdir — Removes an empty directory.
• stat — Returns file metadata as a 13-element list.
• symlink — Creates a symbolic (soft) link.
• umask — Gets or sets the process file-creation permission mask.
• unlink — Deletes one or more files from the filesystem.
• utime — Sets the access and modification timestamps of one or more files.

Formatting

• sprintf — Formats a string according to a printf-style format specification.

Hash Functions

• delete — Removes the specified element(s) from a hash or array.
• each — Returns the next key-value pair from a hash’s internal iterator.
• exists — Tests whether a hash key or array index is present in the container.
• keys — Returns all keys of a hash, or the number of keys in scalar context.
• values — Returns all values of a hash, or the number of values in scalar context.

I/O Functions

• binmode — Sets the I/O discipline (encoding layer) for a filehandle.
• close — Closes a filehandle, flushing any buffered output.
• eof — Tests whether the next read on a filehandle will return end-of-file.
• fileno — Returns the underlying OS file descriptor for a Perl filehandle.
• getc — Reads a single character from a filehandle.
• open — Opens a file, pipe, or duplicates a file descriptor, associating
• pipe — Creates a unidirectional pipe pair (read end + write end).
• print — Outputs a list of values to a filehandle.
• printf — Formats and prints a list of values to a filehandle using a format string.
• read — Reads a fixed number of bytes from a filehandle into a scalar buffer.
• readline — PP function for readline
• say — Like print, but automatically appends a newline after the output.
• seek — Sets the read/write position in a filehandle.
• select — Sets the default output filehandle or performs I/O multiplexing.
• sysopen — Opens a file using POSIX open(2) flags for precise mode control.
• sysread — Performs an unbuffered read directly from the OS file descriptor.
• syswrite — Performs an unbuffered write directly to the OS file descriptor.
• tell — Returns the current byte position in a filehandle.
• truncate — Truncates a file to a specified length.

Numeric Functions

• rand — Returns a pseudo-random floating-point number.
• srand — Seeds the pseudo-random number generator used by rand.

Process Functions

• alarm — Schedules a SIGALRM signal to be delivered after a given number
• die — Raises an exception, terminating execution unless caught by an eval
• exec — Replaces the current process image with a new program via execvp(3).
• exit — Terminates the program with the given exit status.
• fork — Creates a child process by duplicating the current process.
• kill — Sends a signal to one or more processes or process groups.
• sleep — Suspends execution for the specified number of seconds.
• system — Executes an external command and waits for it to complete.
• wait — Waits for any child process to terminate.
• waitpid — Waits for a specific child process to change state.
• warn — Issues a warning message to STDERR without terminating the program.

Regular Expressions

• m// — Tests a string against a regular expression pattern.
• pos — Gets or sets the position of the last m//g match on a string.
• qr — Creates a precompiled regular expression object.
• quotemeta — Escapes all non-“word” characters with a preceding backslash.
• s/// — Searches a string for a pattern and replaces matched text.
• split — Splits a string into a list of substrings using a pattern.
• tr — Performs character-by-character transliteration on a string.

Scope and Variables

• bless — Associates a reference with a package, turning it into an object.
• caller — Returns information about the calling subroutine’s context.
• defined — Tests whether a value is defined (not undef).
• do — Reads, compiles, and executes a Perl file, returning the value of
• pos — Gets or sets the position of the last m//g match on a string.
• prototype — Returns the prototype string of a subroutine, or undef if none.
• ref — Returns the reference type or blessed class name of a value.
• require — Loads and executes a Perl file or module, caching it in %INC so
• reset — Resets ?? (one-shot match) operators so they can match again.
• tie — Binds a variable to an object class, enabling magical access
• tied — Returns the underlying object of a tied variable.
• undef — Produces the undefined value, or undefines an existing variable.
• untie — Removes the tie binding from a variable, restoring normal access.
• vec — Treats a string as a bit vector and accesses individual bitfields.

String Functions

• chomp — Removes the trailing record separator (default: newline) from each
• chop — Removes the last character from each argument
• chr — Converts a Unicode code point number to the corresponding character.
• crypt — One-way password hashing using the system crypt(3) library.
• hex — Interprets a hexadecimal string as an integer.
• index — Finds the first occurrence of a substring within a string.
• join — Concatenates a list of values into a single string with a separator.
• lc — Converts a string to lowercase.
• lcfirst — Lowercases the first character of a string.
• length — Returns the number of characters in a string.
• oct — Interprets a string as an octal number, with automatic prefix dispatch.
• ord — Returns the Unicode code point of the first character of a string.
• pack — Converts a list of values into a binary string according to a template.
• quotemeta — Escapes all non-“word” characters with a preceding backslash.
• reverse — Reverses a list of values or the characters of a string, depending
• rindex — Finds the last occurrence of a substring within a string.
• sprintf — Formats a string according to a printf-style format specification.
• substr — and 3-argument forms)
• uc — Converts a string to uppercase.
• ucfirst — Uppercases the first character of a string.
• unpack — Extracts values from a binary string according to a template.

Time Functions

• gmtime — Converts a Unix timestamp to UTC (Greenwich Mean Time), returning
• localtime — Converts a Unix timestamp to the local time zone, returning either
• time — Returns the number of seconds since the Unix epoch.